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Article History

Received: 15 December 2020

Accepted: 5 April 2021

First Online: 28 April 2021

Declarations

:

: The IMPACT trial, which was used to inform this analysis, was conducted in accordance with Good Clinical Practice guidelines and the provisions of the Declaration of Helsinki and received approval from local institutional review boards or independent ethics committees. All patients provided written informed consent.

: Not applicable.

: DS reports personal fees from GSK, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Chiesi, Cipla, Genentech, Glenmark, Menarini, Mundipharma, Novartis, Peptinnovate, Pfizer, Pulmatrix, Theravance and Verona, and grant support from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Chiesi, Glenmark, Menarini, Mundipharma, Novartis, Pfizer, Pulmatrix, Theravance and Verona. GC has received personal fees from Almirall, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Chiesi, CSA Medical, Eolo, GSK, HGE Technologies, Novartis, Nuvaira, Olympus, Pulmonx and Verona. MD has received personal fees from AstraZeneca, Teva, Boehringer Ingelheim and GSK and contracted clinical trial support from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim and GSK. DH reports personal fees from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Chiesi, GSK, Novartis and Pfizer, and non-financial support Boehringer Ingelheim and Novartis. MH has received personal fees from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Merck, Mylan and GSK, and research support from Novartis and Sunovion. PL reports personal fees and grant support from GSK, AstraZeneca and Boehringer Ingelheim. SL, DaLi, NM, and C-QZ are GSK employees and hold stock/shares in GSK. DM and BM are former GSK employees and hold stock/shares in GSK. FM has received personal fees and non-financial support from the American College of Chest Physicians, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Chiesi, ConCert, Continuing Education, Genentech, GSK, Inova Fairfax Health System, Miller Communications, National Society for Continuing Education, Novartis, Pearl Pharmaceuticals, PeerView Communications, Potomac, Prime Communications, Puerto Rico Respiratory Society, Roche, Sunovion, Theravance, University of Alabama Birmingham, Physicians Education Resource, Canadian Respiratory Network and Teva, non-financial support from Gilead, Nitto, ProterrixBio and Zambon, personal fees from Columbia University, Integritas, MD magazine, Methodist Hospital Brooklyn, New York University, Unity, UpToDate, WedMD/MedScape, Western Connecticut Health Network, Academic CME, Patara, PlatformIQ, American Thoracic Society, Rockpointe and France Foundation, grant support from NIH, Rare Disease Health Communications and ProMedior, and is a member of steering committees for Afferent/Merck, Biogen, Veracyte, Prometic, Bayer and Bridge Biotherapeutics. RW has been a consultant for Circassia, Pneuma, Verona, Mylan/Theravance, Propeller Health, has received personal fees from AstraZeneca/Medimmune/Pearl, Boehringer Ingelheim, Contrafect, Roche-Genentech, GSK, Merck, AbbVie, ChemRx, Kiniska, Bristol Myers Squibb, Galderma, Kamada, Pulmonx, Kinevant and Puretech, has received research grants from Boehringer Ingelheim, Sanofi-Aventis and GSK. DaLo has received grant income, honoraria, and consultancy fees from GSK, and personal fees from Grifols, and chaired the GSK Respiratory Therapy Area Board 2012–2015.