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Article History

Received: 19 March 2024

Accepted: 27 September 2024

First Online: 17 October 2024

Declarations

:

: This study involves human participants and was approved by the independent ethics committees or research boards at each institution. Participants gave written informed consent to participate in the study before taking part.

: Not applicable.

: In addition to writing support, the authors have the following conflicts of interest to declare. HW declares that his employer, Pulmonary Research Institute at Lung Clinic Grosshansdorf, was contracted for the clinical work in this study. Outside the scope of the current manuscript he declares consulting fees, payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events, support for attending meetings and/or travel, and participation on a data safety monitoring board or advisory board, all for AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Chiesi, GlaxoSmithKline, Novartis, and Sanofi. In addition, he is a speaker in COPD for the German Center for Lung Research. AMK declares that her employer, Pulmonary Research Institute at Lung Clinic Grosshansdorf, was contracted for the clinical work in this study. She has no other conflicts of interest to disclose. ALS declares that her employer, KLB Gesundheitsforschung Lübeck GmbH, was contracted for the clinical work in this study. She has no other conflicts of interest to disclose. MK declares payments for lecture and presentations from AstraZeneca, Chiesi, and Berlin Chemie, all outside the scope of the current manuscript. RMM declares that his employer, Centrum Medycyny Oddechowej Mroz Spolka jawna, was contracted for the clinical work in this study. Outside the scope of the current manuscript he declares consulting fees, payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, manuscript writing or educational events, support for attending meetings and/or travel, and participation in advisory boards from Aretheia Therepeutics, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Chiesi, GlaxoSmithKline, MSD, Novartis, Sanofi and Takeda. GG, GV, RC, MC, AV, and DG are employees of Chiesi, the sponsor of the study.