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Article History

Received: 11 October 2024

Accepted: 17 December 2024

First Online: 30 December 2024

Declarations

:

: This study is exempt from requiring informed consent under the European Union General Data Protection Regulation (EU-GDPR), which permits the use of secondary data for scientific research when appropriate safeguards are in place. Stichting Informatievoorziening voor Zorg en Onderzoek (STIZON) is responsible for the collection, processing, and deidentification of data in accordance with the Personal Data Protection Act under Dutch legislation, allowing its anonymous use by PHARMO and/or affiliated universities or projects for research purposes.

: Not applicable.

: G.R., J.A., Q.D., and A.M. declare that they have no competing interests. B.N.B. is an employee of the PHARMO Institute for Drug Outcomes Research, an independent institute conducting financially supported studies for the government, healthcare authorities, and pharmaceutical companies. F.M.E.F. has received research grants from AstraZeneca; consultancy fees from Merck Sharp & Dohme; and speaker fees from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, GlaxoSmithKline, Chiesi, and Novartis. All these are outside the scope of the current study. M.A.S. has received research grants from the Netherlands Lung Foundation and Stichting Astma Bestrijding, as well as consultancy fees from AstraZeneca and Boehringer Ingelheim outside the scope of the current study. All research grants and consultancy fees were paid to Ciro.