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Authors
Lisik, Daniil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0220-5961
Backman, Helena https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0553-8067
Kankaanranta, Hannu https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5258-0906
Basna, Rani https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7510-8460
Hedman, Linnea https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1630-3167
Ekerljung, Linda https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5784-0041
Nyberg, Fredrik https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0892-5668
Lindberg, Anne https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3292-7471
Wennergren, Göran https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7010-7191
Rönmark, Eva https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2358-8754
Nwaru, Bright https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2876-6089
Vanfleteren, Lowie https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4387-4096
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
ALF
Swedish Asthma and Allergy Foundation
Swedish Heart-Lung Foundation
Swedish Research Council
FORTE
University of Gothenburg
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Article History
Received: 27 July 2024
Accepted: 5 April 2025
First Online: 16 April 2025
Declarations
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: The study was approved by the Ethics Committee at the University of Gothenburg (034-08 and 052-16) for the WSAS cohorts and the Ethics Committee at Umeå University (1996-123, 2005-157M, 2015-404-31, and 2017-393-32M) for the OLIN cohorts. Informed written consent was obtained from all participating individuals.
: Not applicable.
: Helena Backman reports personal fees from AstraZeneca, Boehringer-Ingelheim, and GSK, outside the current work. Hannu Kankaanranta reports personal fees for lectures and consulting from AstraZeneca, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Chiesi Pharma, GSK, MSD, Novartis, Orion Pharma, and Sanofi Genzyme outside the current work. Fredrik Nyberg holds some AstraZeneca shares. Anne Lindberg reports personal fees for advisory board work for AstraZeneca, GlaxoSmithKline, Novartis and Boehringer Ingelheim, as well as personal fees for scientific lectures for Boehringer Ingelheim and Novartis, both outside the submitted work. The other authors declare no conflict of interest in relation to this work. Lowie Vanfleteren reports personal fees for lectures, advisory board or consulting for AstraZeneca, GSK, Chiesi, Novartis, Boehringer and Pulmonx. Daniil Lisik, Rani Basna, Linnea Hedman, Linda Ekerljung, Göran Wennergren, Eva Rönmark, and Bright Nwaru have no conflicts to disclose.
