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Article History

Received: 10 December 2024

Accepted: 13 April 2025

First Online: 8 May 2025

Declarations

:

: The KRONOS study was conducted in accordance with Good Clinical Practice, including the Declaration of Helsinki. The study protocol and informed consent forms were approved by appropriate institutional review boards or independent ethics committees (see [] for a complete listing). All patients provided written informed consent before screening.

: Not applicable.

: Dave Singh reports personal fees from Adovate, Aerogen, Almirall, Apogee, Arrowhead, AstraZeneca, Bial, Boehringer Ingelheim, Chiesi, Cipla, CONNECT Biopharm, Covis, CSL Behring, DevPro Biopharma LCC, Elpen, Empirico, EpiEndo, Genentech, Generate Biomedicines, GlaxoSmithKline, Glenmark, Kamada, Kinaset Therapeutics, Kymera, Menarini, MicroA, OM Pharma, Orion, Pieris Pharmaceuticals, Pulmatrix, Revolo, Roivant Sciences, Sanofi, Synairgen, Tetherex, Teva, Theravance Biopharma, Upstream and Verona Pharma. Mona Bafadhel reports grants to her institution from AstraZeneca, and honoraria to her institution from AstraZeneca, Chiesi, and GlaxoSmithKline; and is on the scientific advisory board for Albus Health and ProAxsis. Niki Arya, Jonathan Marshall, Dobrawa Kisielewicz, Charlotta Movitz, Karin Bowen and Mehul Patel are employees of AstraZeneca and hold stock and/or stock options in the company. Himanshu Parikh is a former employee of AstraZeneca and holds stock and/or stock options in the company.

: These data have been presented in part at the 2023 European Respiratory Society International Congress, (Milan, Italy; 9–13 September 2023) as a poster, with the associated published abstract (Eur Respir 62: PA4687; ).