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Authors
Fang, Jiahua https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1651-4028
Wolters, Justina C. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0066-3720
Rafie, Karim https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2418-0061
Wang, Changshuo
Bartel, Sabine
van den Berge, Maarten https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9336-7340
Hylkema, Machteld N. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6732-8903
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the Stichting Astma Bestrijding (SAB, Project 2021-021)
the Noordelijke Cara Stichting (NCS, Project 2019/02)
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Article History
Received: 15 April 2025
Accepted: 19 July 2025
First Online: 30 July 2025
Declarations
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: The study was approved by the ethics committees of the University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG) as part of the GLUCOLD study (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00158847, preregistered April 2000). All procedures involving human participants were conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to enrollment.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
