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Article History

Received: 11 June 2025

Accepted: 13 October 2025

First Online: 10 November 2025

Change Date: 10 December 2025

Change Type: Update

Change Details: The original online version of this article was revised: The typographical error in Abstract section has been corrected.

<!--Emphasis Type='Bold' removed-->Declarations

:

: The study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki guidelines and received approval from the Basque Country Research Ethics (Project title: Adaptive Responses of MSCs to Covid-19: Implications for Cell Therapy. Approval number and date: PI2020072, May 5th 2020). All participants provided informed consent, encompassing 37 Covid-19 patients (including serial sera samples from the most severely affected) and 16 healthy donors. Sera samples and data from patients and healthy controls included in this study were provided by the Basque Biobank ( ) and were processed following standard operation procedures with appropriate approval of the Ethical and Scientific Committees.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: Not applicable.