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Authors
Dixon, Anne E.
Garrow, Olivia J.
Duchene, Brittany
Martin, Francesca
Kaminsky, David A.
Callas, Peter
Skloot, Gwen S.
Bose, Sonali S.
Bates, Jason H. T.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
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Article History
Received: 5 June 2025
Accepted: 15 October 2025
First Online: 12 November 2025
Declarations
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: Phase 1 was performed at the University of Vermont (Burlington, Vermont) and phase 2 at the University of Vermont and the Icahn School of Medicine Mount Sinai (New York, New York). The study was approved by the Institutional Review Boards at both centers. Informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to conducting any study procedures.
: There are no personal materials presented in this manuscript.
: AED received research funding from NIH and ALA, research fees to the institution from Astra Zeneca, honoraria from the American Board of Internal Medicine, and royalties from UpToDate and Springer. JHTB is a consultant for and shareholder in Oscillavent Inc. (Iowa) and Respiratory Sciences Inc. (Minnesota); received consulting fees from Chiesi USA, Inc and Royalties from Springer; and holds an R01 grant (HL142702) from NHLBI. GSS is a full-time employee of Chiesi USA, Inc. DAK receives research funding from NIH, American Lung Association, and United Therapeutics, Inc.; speaker fees from MGC Diagnostics, Inc.; and royalties from UptoDate, Inc. The remaining authors have no conflicts to declare.
