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Authors
Elhusseini, Zaid W.
Rafique, Omar
Ryu, Min Hyung
Castaldi, Peter
Sin, Don D.
Ruczinski, Ingo
Hersh, Craig P.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
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Article History
Received: 4 August 2025
Accepted: 9 December 2025
First Online: 17 December 2025
Declarations
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: The study was approved by the institutional review boards (IRBs) of participating centers in the COPDGene study, and all participants provided written informed consent. The research was conducted in accordance with the Belmont Report.
: Not applicable.
: Zaid W. Elhusseini, Omar Rafique, Min Hyung Ryu, and Ingo Ruczinski declare no conflicts of interest. Peter Castaldi reports grant support from NIH to his institution related to this work, and outside the submitted work, consultancy fees from Verona Pharma and Genentech, and grants pending from Sanofi. Don D. Sin has received honoraria from GSK, AZ, and BI for giving COPD-related talks to physicians and scientists, and serves as chair of a DSMB for an NHLBI-sponsored trial. Craig P. Hersh reports grants to his institution from NHLBI, Alpha-1 Foundation, and Bayer, and consulting fees from Apogee Therapeutics, Chiesi, Genentech, Ono Pharma, Sanofi, Takeda, and Verona Pharma.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
