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Authors
Einarsson, Gisli G.
Das, Sujata
Silversides, Jonathan A.
Fundano, Nerielle
Lonsdale, Elliott
McMullan, Ronan
McAuley, Daniel F.
Irwin, Nicola J.
McCoy, Colin P.
Wylie, Matthew P.
Sherrard, Laura J.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Northern Ireland Chest Heart and Stroke (NICHS 2020_C05)
Northern Ireland Chest Heart and Stroke (NICHS 2020_C05)
Northern Ireland Chest Heart and Stroke (NICHS 2020_C05)
Northern Ireland Chest Heart and Stroke (NICHS 2020_C05)
Northern Ireland Chest Heart and Stroke (NICHS 2020_C05)
Northern Ireland Chest Heart and Stroke (NICHS 2020_C05)
Northern Ireland Chest Heart and Stroke (NICHS 2020_C05)
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Article History
Received: 26 August 2025
Accepted: 29 December 2025
First Online: 22 January 2026
Declarations
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: Written informed consent from a patient representative was obtained. The study was approved by the Social Care Research Ethics Committee (20/IEC08/0025).
: Not applicable.
: DFM reports grants from NIHR, MRC, Wellcome Trust, Innovate UK, Northern Ireland Health and Social Care Research and Development Office, Novavax and Randox unrelated to this work. DFM has a patent issued to his institution for a novel anti-inflammatory agent (US8962032), has received consulting fees from Bayer, Aptarion, Direct Biologics, MSD, Healios, and Novartis, participates on a Data Safety Monitoring Board for Vir Biotechnology and Faron, is a previous Director of Research, Intensive Care Society, and is a MRC/NIHR Director for the EME Programme and a NIHR Scientific Director for Programmes. DFM’s spouse reports consultancy fees from Insmed and has served on the grant review committee for the California Institute for Regenerative Medicine. The remaining authors declare that they have no competing interests.
