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Authors
Zhang, Rui
He, Huaiwu
Bi, Zhisheng
Long, Fang
Xu, Jing
Guan, Jiayi
Tan, Ruoming
Moeller, Knut
Hong, Donghuang
Zhao, Zhanqi
Long, Yun
Qu, Hongping
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82470088)
National High-Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding (2022-PUMCH-D-005)
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Article History
Received: 17 October 2025
Accepted: 30 December 2025
First Online: 27 January 2026
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Boards of all participating centers, including Ruijin Hospital (RJ-IRB2024-505), Peking Union Medical College Hospital (S-K1859), and Fujian Provincial Hospital (K2025-02-002). The requirement for informed consent was waived due to the retrospective design and anonymized data analysis in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
