Jang, Hyojin https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3409-9398
Yoo, Wanho https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2344-0231
Lee, Min Ki https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0163-115X
Lee, Hyeon Jeong https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3450-865X
Hong, Jung Min https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3527-555X
Kim, Yeongdae https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7135-4648
Lee, Kwangha https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9878-201X
Funding for this research was provided by:
Biomedical Research Institute of Pusan National University Hospital (202400650001)
Biomedical Research Institute of Pusan National University Hospital (202400650001)
Biomedical Research Institute of Pusan National University Hospital (202400650001)
Biomedical Research Institute of Pusan National University Hospital (202400650001)
Biomedical Research Institute of Pusan National University Hospital (202400650001)
Biomedical Research Institute of Pusan National University Hospital (202400650001)
Biomedical Research Institute of Pusan National University Hospital (202400650001)
Article History
Received: 1 October 2025
Accepted: 8 January 2026
First Online: 23 January 2026
Declarations
:
: This study’s protocol was approved by the institutional review board of Pusan National University Hospital (approval code: 2411-016-145, approval date: November 27, 2024), which waived the requirement for informed consent from the enrolled patients, their families, or surrogates, owing to its observational nature. This study had no impact on the treatment of the enrolled patients.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.