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Article History

Received: 2 April 2025

Accepted: 10 January 2026

First Online: 17 February 2026

Declarations

:

: The IPF-PRO Registry obtained ethics approval at the data coordinating center (Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke Institutional Review Board Protocol Number Pro00046131) and at every enrolling center (listed in the Acknowledgments). Ethics approval was granted by the Duke Institutional Review Board Protocol Number Pro00082241 to use the biosamples obtained as part of the IPF-PRO Registry for these analyses. All participants provided written informed consent.

: Not applicable.

: AJP reports grant funding from NHLBI (K23HL140199) and the Three Lakes Foundation; consulting fees from Regeneron, Boehringer Ingelheim, Imvaria, Veracyte, Eisai, United Therapeutics, PureTech, Trevi, Pliant, Vida Diagnostics, Avalyn Therapeutics. HM is a staff member and MLN and JLT are faculty members of the Duke Clinical Research Institute, which receives funding support from Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. to coordinate the IPF-PRO/ILD-PRO Registry. JLT also reports grants from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, CareDx and has participated on Data Safety Monitoring Boards or Advisory Boards for Altavant, Avalyn, Natera, Sanofi, Theravance. JSK reports no competing interests. RJK reports research support from Bellerophon, Boehringer Ingelheim, CSL Behring, Genentech, National Institute of Health, Respivant, Toray, US Department of Defense; royalties or licenses from UpToDate; consulting fees from AstraZeneca, Galapagos; speaker fees from Boehringer Ingelheim, France Foundation, Genentech, Vindico; participation on a Data Safety Monitoring Board or Advisory Board for Boehringer Ingelheim, Genentech, GlaxoSmithKline, Pliant, PureTech; leadership or fiduciary roles with Pulmonary Wellness Foundation and the Stony Wold Foundation; stock from Air Cycle Systems and Doximity; and medical writing support funded by AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Galapagos, Genentech.