Document is current

Article History

Received: 24 October 2025

Accepted: 11 January 2026

First Online: 4 February 2026

Declarations

:

: The study received exemption from the Pearl Institutional Review Board along with an authorisation waiver.

: Not applicable.

: AB received research grants from AstraZeneca-MedImmune, Boehringer Ingelheim, Cephalon/Teva, GSK, Novartis, Sanofi and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc. and is a consultant to Med-in-Cell, Actelion, Merck, Roche and Chiesi Pharmaceuticals and an investigator/coinvestigator for AstraZeneca-MedImmune, Boehringer Ingelheim, GSK, Novartis, Sanofi, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Chiesi Pharmaceuticals, Actelion, Merck, Roche, Vertex and Galapagos. GWC received research grants and lecturer or advisory board fees from A. Menarini, Allergy Therapeutics, AstraZeneca, Chiesi Pharmaceuticals, Faes, Firma, Genentech, GSK, HAL Allergy, Innovacaremd, Novartis, OM Pharma, Red Maple, Sanofi-Aventis, Sanofi-Genzyme, Stallergenes Greer and Uriach Pharma. JCV received research grants from Deutsche Forschungsgesellschaft, Land Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, GSK and MSD; is an advisory committee member of Avontec, Boehringer Ingelheim, Cipla, Chiesi Pharmaceuticals, Essex/Schering Plough, Genzyme, GSK, Janssen-Cilag, MEDA, MSD, Mundipharma, Novartis, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Revotar, Roche, Sanofi-Aventis, Sandoz-Hexal, TEVA, UCB/Schwarz-Pharma and others; has conducted independent lectures for and received honoraria from AstraZeneca, Avontec, Bayer, Bencard, Bionorica, Boehringer Ingelheim, Chiesi Pharmaceuticals, Cipla, German Remedies, Essex/Schering-Plough, Genzyme, GSK, Janssen-Cilag, Leti, MEDA, Merck, MSD, Mundipharma, Noramed, Novartis, Nycomed/Altana, Pfizer, Providens, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Revotar, Sandoz-Hexal, Sanofi-Aventis, Stallergenes Greer, TEVA, UCB/Schwarz-Pharma, Zydus/Cadila and others. KB and W-HC were employees of Sanofi at the time of this study execution. RHS is an employee of AESARA Inc. and a paid consultant to Sanofi. OL and AG are employees of Sanofi and may hold stocks and/or stock options in the company. JK and WG are employees of Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc. and may hold stocks and/or stock options in the company. LH and MSD are employees of Analysis Group, Inc., which received research funds from Sanofi. LH and MSD served as consultants to GSK PLC., within the past 36 months, for which Analysis Group, Inc. received research funding. AE-B was an employee of Analysis Group, Inc. at the time of conception, conduct and completion of the study as well as during the manuscript development.