Shan, Xinran
Yan, Jisong
Han, Xueyan
Zhu, Hailu
Pan, Zhaoyang
Pang, Linhong
Li, Zijun
Wang, Yicong
Wang, Qi
Huang, Ke
Guan, Tianjia
Yang, Ting
Wang, Chen
Funding for this research was provided by:
Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases-National Science and Technology Major Project (2023ZD0506306)
Social Development Project of Yunnan Province (202403AC100006)
Science & Technology Fundamental Resources Investigation Program (2023FY100604)
Article History
Received: 18 October 2025
Accepted: 26 January 2026
First Online: 12 February 2026
Declarations
:
: Ethical approval for the China Pulmonary Health (CPH) Study was granted by the Ethics Review Committee of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (approval No. 11-ke-42). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to data collection. Clinical trial number: not applicable.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.