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Authors
Cadenas-Jiménez, Irene
Camps-Massa, Paula
Gonçalves-Carvalho, Filipe
Benaali-Bakkar, Yasmina
Quero, Sara
Rodríguez, Laura
Antuori, Adrián
Saiz-Escobedo, Lucía
Calvo-Silveria, Sara
Oliver, Antonio
Dominguez, M Angeles
Tubau, Fe
González-Díaz, Aida
Ardanuy, Carmen
Santos, Salud
Marin, Alicia
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Arque, Elisenda
Millares, Laura
Simon, Marina
Garcia-Olivé, Ignasi
Prat-Aymerich, Cristina
Lacoma, Alicia
Barreiro, Esther
Navarro, Annie
Plasencia, Virginia
Cuchí, Eva
Pomares, Javier
Montón, Concepción
Casabella, Antonio
Vendrell, Montserrat
Muñoz, Gerard
Polverino, Eva
Llunell, Antonia
Suárez-Cuartin, Guillermo
Calero, Carmen
Martí, Sara
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CB21/13/00009)
Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CB06/06/0037)
Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CB06/06/1089)
Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica (698/2018)
Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias (PI22/00257)
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Article History
Received: 22 September 2025
Accepted: 28 January 2026
First Online: 16 February 2026
Declarations
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: The study was approved by the institutional review board at Bellvitge University Hospital (PR366/18) and by the local Research Ethics Committees of the participating centres. It was also conducted according to the Declaration of Helsinki guidelines. The need for informed consent was waived by the Clinical Research Ethics Committee due to the retrospective nature of the study.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
