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Authors
Li, Huiting
Zhao, Qinhua
Qiu, Hongling
Luo, Cijun
Wu, Wenhui
Huang, Dongdong
Xu, Jian
He, Jing
Li, Jinling
liu, Jinming
Gong, Sugang
Wang, Lan
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Educational Research and Reform (24fkjg06)
A three-year action of plan to promote clinical skills and clinical skills and clinical innovation in municipal hospitals (SHDC2020CR4021)
Hospital-Level Clinical Projects in 2020 (FKLY20011)
the Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital 2024 Research-oriented Physician Talent Program Project (LYRC202416)
Research on Prevention and Treatment of Common Diseases (2023YFC2507205)
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Article History
Received: 1 December 2025
Accepted: 19 July 2026
First Online: 12 September 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: The study was conducted in accordance with institutional standards based on the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki, and protocol was reviewed and authorized by the Ethics Committee of Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, and every participant signed written informed consent before joining the study. All participants provided written informed consent prior to enrollment.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
