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Article History

Received: 6 September 2019

Accepted: 10 November 2019

First Online: 16 November 2019

Ethics approval and consent to participate

: The ethical committees of the participating institutions approved the study protocol. Written informed consent for participation in the study was obtained from all the subjects.

: All authors have read and approved the submission of the manuscript. The manuscript has not been published and is not being considered for publication elsewhere, in whole or in part, in any language. If the manuscript is accepted, we approve it for publication in Cardiovascular Diabetology.

: AC. declares no potential conflict of interest. A.T. has received modest honoraria from Astellas, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Daiichi Sankyo, Kowa, MSD, Mitsubishi Tanabe, Novo Nordisk, Taisho Toyama, and Takeda. T.M. has received lecturer’s fees from Daiichi Sankyo, Japan Lifeline, Kyocera, and Novartis; manuscript fee from Pfizer. M.Sa. has received advisory board for Enomoto Pharmaceutical. M.Sh. reports research grants from AstraZeneca, and Ono; non-purpose research grants from Astellas, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Chugai, Eli Lilly, Kowa, Mitsubishi Tanabe, MSD, Novo Nordisk, Ono, Taisho Toyama, and Takeda; lecturer’s fees from Astellas, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Chugai, Eli Lilly, Kowa, Mitsubishi Tanabe, Mochida, MSD, Novo Nordisk, Ono, Taisho Toyama, and Takeda; advisory board for Novo Nordisk; sponsored office from Boehringer Ingelheim. T.N. has received research grants from Eli Lilly; lecturer’s fees from Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, MSD, and Sumitomo Dainippon. O.A. has received lecturer’s fees from Abbott, Astellas, Boehringer Ingelheim, Medtronic, and St. Jude Medical. S.U. has received research grants from Bristol-Myers Squibb, and Kowa; non-purpose research grants from Bristol-Myers Squibb, Chugai, MSD, Pfizer, and Takeda; lecturer’s fees from Boehringer Ingelheim, and MSD. K.N. has received research grants from Actelion, Asahi Kasei, Astellas, Astellas Amgen Bio Pharma, Boehringer Ingelheim, GlaxoSmithKline, Mitsubishi Tanabe, Novo Nordisk, Teijin, and Terumo; non-purpose research grants from Astellas, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Daiichi Sankyo, Eli Lilly, Mitsubishi Tanabe, MSD, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Ono, Otsuka, Pfizer, Sanofi, and Teijin; lecturer’s fees from Actelion, Astellas, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Daiichi Sankyo, Edwards Lifesciences, Eli Lilly, FUJIFILM, Fukuda Denshi, Kowa, Kyowa Hakko Kirin, Medtronic, Mitsubishi Tanabe, MSD, Novartis, Ono, Otsuka, Pfizer, Roche Diagnostics, Sanofi, Sanwa Kagaku Kenkyusho, Taisho Toyama, Takeda, and Teijin; manuscript fees from Astellas, and Takeda; advisory boards for AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, and Novo Nordisk.