Leonard, Charles E. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5092-9657
Brensinger, Colleen M.
Dawwas, Ghadeer K.
Deo, Rajat
Bilker, Warren B.
Soprano, Samantha E.
Dhopeshwarkar, Neil
Flory, James H.
Bloomgarden, Zachary T.
Gagne, Joshua J.
Aquilante, Christina L.
Kimmel, Stephen E.
Hennessy, Sean
Funding for this research was provided by:
American Diabetes Association (1-18-ICTS-097)
National Institute on Aging (R01AG060975, R01AG025152, R01AG064589)
National Institute of General Medical Sciences (T32GM075766)
Article History
Received: 20 November 2019
Accepted: 9 February 2020
First Online: 25 February 2020
Ethics approval and consent to participate
: The University of Pennsylvania institutional review board approved this research (protocol #823865).
: Not applicable.
: CEL serves on the Executive Committee of and SH directs the University of Pennsylvania’s Center for Pharmacoepidemiology Research and Training. The Center receives unrestricted support for education from Pfizer. JHF has consulted for Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly and Company, and Genentech. JJG has received salary support from grants from Eli Lilly and Company and Novartis to the Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and was a consultant to Aetion Inc. and Optum Inc., all for unrelated work. SEK has consulted for pharmaceutical companies, unrelated to this work. SH has consulted for GlaxoSmithKline on matters unrelated to this work. All other authors report no competing interests.