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Article History

Received: 4 April 2020

Accepted: 8 June 2020

First Online: 15 June 2020

Ethics approval and consent to participate

: The ethical committees of the participating institutions approved the study protocol. Written informed consent for participation in the study was obtained from all the subjects.

: All authors have read and approved the submission of the manuscript. The manuscript has not been published and is not being considered for publication elsewhere, in whole or in part, in any language. If the manuscript is accepted, we approve it for publication in Cardiovascular Diabetology.

: MF. reports non-purpose research grants from Astellas, Mitsubishi Tanabe, Sanwa Kagaku Kenkyusho and MediciNova; lecturer’s fees from Mitsubishi Tanabe, Kowa, Mochida, Daiichi Sankyo, Novartis, Boehringer Ingelheim, MSD, Sanwa Kagaku Kenkyusho, Takeda, Astellas, Sanofi and AstraZeneca. I.S. reports research grants from Public Health Research Foundation, Kowa, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center and Medical Informatics Study Group; non-purpose research grants from Public Health Research Foundation, Eastep, Nexis, Takeda, Daiichi Sankyo, Beohringer Ingelheim, AstraZeneca, MSD, Amgen, Astellas, Sanofi, Fuji and Novartis; lecturer’s fees from AstraZeneca, Takeda, Bayer, Pfizer, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Boehringer lngelheim, MSD, Kyowa Hakko Kirin, Daiichi Sankyo, Novartis, Sanofi, Kowa, Shionogi, Kissei, Astellas, Amgen, Ono, Otsuka, Novonordisk, Mochida, Teijin, Sysmex, Nipro, Kyorin, Fuji and Sumitomo Dainippon; advisory board for Public Health Research Foundation, Kowa, Tanabe, Kyowa Hakko Kirin and Bristol-Myers Squibb, Sysmex. T.M. reports lecturer’s fees from Bayer, Daiichi Sankyo, Japan Lifeline, Kyocera, Mitsubishi Tanabe, Novartis, and Toray; manuscript fees from Bristol-Myers Squibb and Kowa; advisory boards for Asahi Kasei, Boston Scientific, and Bristol-Myers Squibb. Y.H., A.S. M.M. and M.Sa. declares no conflicts of interest. M.Sh. reports research grants from AstraZeneca, Ono, and Sanwa Kagaku Kenkyusho; non-purpose research grants from Astellas, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Chugai, Eli Lilly, Kowa, Mitsubishi Tanabe, MSD, Novo Nordisk, Ono, Taisho Toyama, and Takeda; lecturer’s fees from Astellas, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Chugai, Eli Lilly, Kowa, Mitsubishi Tanabe, Mochida, MSD, Novo Nordisk, Ono, Taisho Toyama, and Takeda; advisory board for Novo Nordisk; sponsored office from Boehringer Ingelheim. T.N. reports research grants from Eli Lilly, Mitsubishi Tanabe, MSD, and Novartis; lecturer’s fees from Arkray, Astellas, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, Johnson & Johnson, Mitsubishi Tanabe, MSD, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Ono, Sanofi, Sanwa Kagaku Kenkyusho, Sumitomo Dainippon, Taisho Toyama, Takeda, and Terumo. O.A. reports lecturer’s fees from Abbott, Astellas, Boehringer Ingelheim, Medtronic, and St. Jude Medical. K.N. reports research grants from Actelion, Asahi Kasei, Astellas, Astellas Amgen Bio Pharma, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, GlaxoSmithKline, Mitsubishi Tanabe, Novo Nordisk, Teijin, and Terumo; non-purpose research grants from Astellas, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Daiichi Sankyo, Eisai, Eli Lilly, Japan Lifeline, Mitsubishi Tanabe, MSD, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Ono, Otsuka, Pfizer, Sanofi, Sumitomo Dainippon, Takeda, and Teijin; lecturer’s fees from Actelion, Astellas, Astellas Amgen Bio Pharma, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Daiichi Sankyo, Edwards Lifesciences, Eli Lilly, FUJIFILM, Fukuda Denshi, Kowa, Kyowa Hakko Kirin, Mebix, Medtronic, Mitsubishi Tanabe, Mochida, MSD, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Ono, Otsuka, Pfizer, Roche Diagnostics, Sanofi, Sanwa Kagaku Kenkyusho, Sumitomo Dainippon, Taisho Toyama, Takeda, and Teijin; manuscript fee from Astellas, and Takeda; advisory board for Astellas, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, Mitsubishi Tanabe, MSD, Novo Nordisk, Pfizer, and Takeda. S.U. reports research grants from Bristol-Myers Squibb, and Kowa; non-purpose research grants from Bristol-Myers Squibb, Chugai, MSD, Pfizer, and Takeda; lecturer’s fees from Boehringer Ingelheim, MSD, and Taiho; manuscript fees from Kowa; advisory board for Otsuka.