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Article History

Received: 7 April 2021

Accepted: 12 July 2021

First Online: 27 July 2021

Declarations

:

: The study protocols were approved by the appropriate independent ethics committees and relevant institutional review boards. The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki [], International Society for Pharmacoepidemiology Good Pharmacoepidemiology Practices [], and local regulations. All participants provided written informed consent prior to participation.

: Not applicable.

: Ofri Mosenzon reports advisory board membership from Novo Nordisk, Eli Lilly, Sanofi, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Boehringer Ingelheim, Novartis, AstraZeneca, and BOL Pharma; speaker’s bureau honorarium from AstraZeneca, Novo Nordisk, Eli Lilly, Sanofi, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Boehringer Ingelheim, and Janssen; and research grants from Novo Nordisk and AstraZeneca. Abdullah Alguwaihes reports speaker’s bureau honoraria and advisory board membership from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, Novo Nordisk, and Sanofi; in addition to research support from AstraZeneca and Novo Nordisk. Jose Luis Arenas Leon reports advisory board membership from Novo Nordisk, AstraZeneca, Merck Sharp & Dohme, and Novartis; speakers bureau honorarium from Novo Nordisk, AstraZeneca, Merck Sharp & Dohme, and Merck; and research grants from Novo Nordisk, AstraZeneca, Amgen, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Novartis, Sanofi, Takeda, Janssen, and Bristol Myers Squibb. Fahri Bayram reports speaker honoraria and travel sponsorship from Bilim İlaç, Abbott, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi Genzyme, Pfizer, and Eczacıbaşı İlaç; advisory board and consultancy for Novo Nordisk, Sanofi Genzyme, Abbott, Pfizer, and Bilim İlaç; and participation in clinical trials for Novo Nordisk, Lilly, Sanofi, and Abbott. Patrice Darmon reports honoraria, consultancy, advisory role, lectures, or travel grants from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, Merck Sharp and Dohme, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi, Mundipharma, and Abbott. Timothy M.E. Davis reports speaker’s bureau honoraria and advisory board membership from Eli Lilly, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Novo Nordisk, and Sanofi; and speaker’s bureau honorarium from Boehringer Ingelheim and AstraZeneca. Guillermo Dieuzeide reports speaker`s bureau honoraria, advisory board membership, and grants from AstraZeneca, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi Aventis, and Roche Diagnosis. Kristen T. Eriksen Margit S. Kaltoft and Nicolai A. Rhee are employees of Novo Nordisk; Margit S. Kaltoft and Nicolai A. Rhee also own stock and/or shares in Novo Nordisk. Tianpei Hong reports speaker’s bureau honoraria and advisory board membership from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, Merck Serono, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, and Sanofi. Csaba Lengyel reports honoraria and travel grants from AstraZeneca, Berlin Chemie/A Menarini, Boehringer Ingelheim, EGIS, KRKA, Lilly Hungária Kft., MSD Pharma, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Pfizer, Richter Gedeon, Sandoz, Sanofi Aventis, Servier, TEVA, and Wörwag Pharma. Giuseppina T. Russo reports speaker’s bureau honoraria and advisory board membership from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, and Sanofi. Shinichiro Shirabe reports honoraria from Novo Nordisk Pharma Ltd., Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma, and Merck Sharp & Dohme. Katherine Urbancova has worked on oral presentations, articles, and advisory boards for Novo Nordisk, Sanofi Aventis, Boehringer Ingelheim, Novartis, Eli Lilly, and Merck. Sergio Vencio reports research or educational grants from Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Boehringer Ingelheim, and Biomm.