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Article History

Received: 8 June 2021

Accepted: 4 September 2021

First Online: 28 September 2021

Declarations

:

: The included studies have been approved by local ethic committees as follows: MORGAM FINRISK: 1980s: no ethics approval required for observational studies (but current laws allow the use of these data for public health research), 1990s: Ethics committee of the National Public Health Institute (KTL), 2002: Ethics Committee of Epidemiology and Public Health in Hospital District of Helsinki and Uusimaa. MORGAM DAN-MONICA: Ethics Committee of the Capital Region (formerly Copenhagen County), Denmark. MORGAM Northern Sweden: Research Ethics Committee of Umeå University. MORGAM Moli-sani: Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia “Agostino Gemelli”, Rome. MORGAM SHHEC: Ethical approval was received from all relevant medical research ethics committees covering the individual populations involved.

: Not applicable.

: VS has received honoraria from Novo-Nordisk and Sanofi for consulting. He also has ongoing research collaboration with Bayer Ltd (all outside this work). SSg has received consultancy and speaker’s honoraria from Actelion (outside this work). DW has receiver honoraria from Abiomed, AstraZeneca, Bayer and Novartis. All other authors declared no competing of interest.