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Article History

Received: 26 July 2021

Accepted: 23 September 2021

First Online: 4 October 2021

Declarations

:

: The study design and protocol were reviewed and approved by the St. Michael’s Hospital Research Ethics Board, and all participants provided informed consent.

: Not applicable.

: Bradley Sarak, None. Subodh Verma, Tier 1 Canada Research Chair in Cardiovascular Surgery. Research grant support and/or speaking honoraria from Amarin (modest), Amgen (modest), AstraZeneca (significant), Bayer (modest), Boehringer Ingelheim (signficiant), Bristol-Myers Squibb (modest), Eli Lilly (significant), EOCI Pharmacomm Ltd (modest), HLS Therapeutics (significant), Janssen (modest), Merck (modest), Novartis (modest), Novo Nordisk (modest), Pfizer (modest), PhaseBio (significant), Sanofi (modest), Sun Pharmaceuticals (significant), and the Toronto Knowledge Translation Working Group (significant). President of the Canadian Medical and Surgical Knowledge Translation Research Group, a federally incorporated not-for-profit physician organization. C. David Mazer, Research grant support and/or speaking/consulting honoraria from Amgen, Boehringer Ingelheim, and OctaPharma (all modest). Hwee Teoh, Consulting honoraria from Boehringer Ingelheim and manuscript writing fees for unrelated topics from Merck and Servier (all modest). Adrian Quan, None. Richard E. Gilbert, Canada Research Chair in Diabetes Complications. Research grant support and/or speaking/consulting honoraria from AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Janssen (all significant). Shaun G. Goodman, Research grant support (including steering committee or data and safety monitoring committees) and/or speaker/consulting honoraria (including advisory boards) from: Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, CSL Behring, Daiichi-Sankyo/American Regent, Eli Lilly, Esperion, Ferring Pharmaceuticals, GlaxoSmithKline, HLS Therapeutics, JAMP Pharma, Janssen/Johnson & Johnson, Merck, Novartis, Novo Nordisk A/C, Pendopharm, Pfizer, Regeneron, Sanofi, Servier, Valeo Pharma; and salary support/honoraria from the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Ontario/University of Toronto (Polo) Chair, Canadian Heart Research Centre and MD Primer, Canadian VIGOUR Centre, Cleveland Clinic Coordinating Centre for Clinical Research, Duke Clinical Research Institute, New York University Clinical Coordinating Centre, and PERFUSE Research Institute (all relationships significant except Pendopharm, Servier, and Valeo). Karan Bami, Conference support from Boehringer Ingelheim (modest). Otávio R Coelho-Filho, None. Vineeta Ahooja, Research grant support and/or speaking/consulting honoraria AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, NovoNordisk. SubInvestigator for EMPEROR PRESERVED, EMPEROR REDUCED, EMPA HEART, DELIVER, DETERMINE, DapaHF, SOLOIST, PRIORITIZE, SELECT, EMPACT MI (all modest). Djeven P. Deva, None. Vinay Garg, None. Sumeet Gandhi, None. Kim A. Connelly, Research grant support and/or speaking/consulting honoraria from Abbott Vascular, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Edwards, Eli Lilly, Janssen, Merck, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi, Servier (all significant). Andrew T. Yan, Research grant support from AstraZeneca (modest).