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Article History

Received: 20 February 2024

Accepted: 26 February 2024

First Online: 19 March 2024

Declarations

:

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: OS (Oliver Schnell) is the founder and CEO of Sciarc and reports consulting, speaking, or serving on advisory boards for AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Lilly, MSD, Mundipharma, Novo Nordisk, Roche, Sanofi, and Wörwag Pharma. KBK (Katharine Barnard-Kelly) is founder and shareholder at Spotlight-AQ Ltd. KBK has received research support from Dexcom, Embecta, JDRF, Novo Nordisk and Roche Diabetes Care, and honoraria from Sanofi. TB (Tadej Battelino) has served on the advisory boards of Abbott, Boehringer Ingelheim, Dreamed Diabetes, Eli Lilly and Company, Indigo Diabetes, Medtronic, Novo Nordisk, and Sanofi. TB has received speaker’s bureau honoraria from Abbott, Eli Lilly and Company, Medtronic, Novo Nordisk, Roche, and Sanofi. The University Medical Center has received research grant support from Abbott, GluSense, Medtronic, Novo Nordisk, Sandoz, Sanofi, and Zealand Pharma. AC (Antonio Ceriello) reports consulting and speaking for Bayer, Berlin-Chemie, Eli Lilly and Company, Guidotti, Merck, Novo Nordisk, Roche Diagnostics and Sanofi. HEL (Helena Elding Larsson) declares that she has no competing interests. BFF (Beatriz Fernández-Fernández) has received grants from AstraZeneca and Esteve and consultancy or speaker fees or travel support from Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly and Company, Menarini, Novo Nordisk, and Mundipharma. JPF (Juan-Pablo Frias) is employee and stockholder of Biomea Fusion, Inc. JPF has received research support from Akero, Altimmune, Boehringer Ingelheim, 89bio, Eli Lilly and Company, Intercept, IONIS, Janssen, Madrigal, Merck, NorthSea Therapeutics, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Oramed, Pfizer, Sanofi, and Shionogi. JPF has also served as a consultant and on the advisory boards of Akero, Altimmune, Biomea Fusion, Boehringer Ingelheim, Carmot Therapeutics, Echosens, 89bio, Eli Lilly and Company, Gilead, Intercept, Metacrine, Merck, Novo Nordisk, Pfizer, Sanofi, and on the speaker’s bureau for Eli Lilly and Company. TF (Thomas Forst) has been a member of the speaker panel of Amarin, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Berlin-Chemie, Cipla, Daiichi-Sankyo, Eli Lilly and Company, Fortbildungskolleg, MSD, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi, Santis, and of the advisory panel of Atrogi, Bayer, Cipla, Diabetes-Akademie Bad Mergentheim e.V., Eli Lilly and Company, Eyesense, Fortbildungskolleg, Novo Nordisk, Pfizer, reMYND, Roche and Sanofi. JRG (James R. Gavin III) has served on the advisory boards of Abbott Diabetes Care and Embecta, and on the speaker’s bureaus of Boehringer Ingelheim and Eli Lilly and Company. FG (Francesco Giorgino) has served on the advisory boards of AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly and Company, Novo Nordisk, Roche Diabetes Care, Sanofi and as a consultant to AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, LifeScan, Medimmune, Medtronic, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Roche Diabetes Care and Sanofi. FG has also received research support from Eli Lilly and Company and Roche Diabetes Care. PHG (Per-Henrik Groop) has received lecture honoraria from Astellas, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly and Company, EloWater, Genzyme, Medscape, MSD, Mundipharma, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Peer Voice, Sanofi and Sciarc. PHG also serves as an advisory board member for AbbVie, Astellas, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly and Company, Medscape, MSD, Mundipharma, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, and Sanofi. HJLH (Hiddo J.L. Heerspink) declares that he has no competing interests. SH (Stephan Herzig) declares that he has no competing interests. MH (Michael Hummel) declares that he has no competing interests. GH (George Huntley) declares that he has no competing interests. MI (Mahmoud Ibrahim) has consultancy agreement with and received speaker honoraria from Boehringer Ingelheim, Medtronic, Novo Nordisk, and Pfizer. BI (Baruch Itzhak) has received honoraria or consulting fees from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly and Company, and Novo Nordisk and speaking fees from Abbott, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly and Company, Novo Nordisk, Roche, and Sanofi. SJ (Stephan Jacob) declares that he has no competing interests. LJ (Linong Ji) declares that he has no competing interests. MK (Mikhail Kosiborod) reports consulting or advisory board participation for 35Pharma, Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Amgen, Applied Therapeutics, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Cytokinetics, Dexcom, Eli Lilly and Company, Esperion Therapeutics, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Merck (Diabetes and Cardiovascular), Novo Nordisk, Pharmacosmos, Pfizer, scPharmaceuticals, Sanofi, Structure Therapeutics, Vifor Pharma and Youngene Therapeutics. MK has also received honoraria from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim and Novo Nordisk, and research grants from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim and Pfizer. NL (Nebosja Lalic) declares that he has no competing interests. SM (Sofia Macieira) is employee of Sciarc. RM (Rayaz A. Malik) has served on the advisory panel and received honoraria for speaking for Eli Lilly and Company, Novo Nordisk, Proctor & Gamble, Sanofi Aventis, and Viatris. RM has also received research funding for studies from Novo Nordisk and Proctor & Gamble. BM (Boris Mankovsky) has served on advisory boards and received speaking fees from AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi, Servier, and Wörwag Pharma. NM (Nikolaus Marx) has received research grants from Boehringer Ingelheim and MSD, speaking fees form Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bayer, BMS, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly and Company, MSD, Novo Nordisk, and Sanofi-Aventis and has served or serves on the advisory board of Amgen, Bayer, BMS, Boehringer Ingelheim, MSD, Novo Nordisk, and Sanofi-Aventis. CM (Chantal Mathieu) serves or has served on the advisory panel for ActoBio Therapeutics, Avotres, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly and Company, Imcyse, Insulet, Mannkind, Medtronic, Merck Sharp and Dohme Ltd., Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Pfizer, Sandoz, Sanofi, Roche, Vertex and Zealand Pharma. CM serves or has served on the speakers’ bureau for AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly and Company, Novartis Novo Nordisk, and Sanofi. Financial compensation for these activities has been received by KU Leuven. KU Leuven has received research support for CM from ActoBio Therapeutics, Imcyse, Medtronic, Novo Nordisk, and Sanofi. TM (Timo Müller) reports having received honoraria or research support from AstraZeneca, Berlin-Chemie, Eli Lilly and Company, Merck, Mercodia, MSD, Novo Nordisk, and Sanofi Aventis in the past 3 years. KR (Kausik Ray) has served as a consultant for Abbott, Amarin, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Cargene Therapeutics, Cleerly Health, CRISPR Therapeutics, CSL Behring, Eli Lilly and Company, EmendoBio, Esperion Therapeutics, Kowa Pharmaceutics, New Amsterdam Pharma, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Pfizer, Regeneron, Resverlogix, Sanofi, Scribe Thearapeutics, Silence Therapeutics, VAXXINITY, and Viatris. KR reports having received research grants from Amgen, Daiichi Sankyo, MSD, Pfizer, Regeneron, Sanofi and Ultragenix. HR (Helena W. Rodbard) declares that she has no competing interests. PR (Peter Rossing) has received honoraria for consultancy and/or speaking fees (to his institution) from AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly and Company, Gilead, MSD, Novo Nordisk, and Sanofi Aventis and research grants from AstraZeneca, Bayer, and Novo Nordisk. LR (Lars Rydén) declares that he has no competing interests. PMSD (Petra-Maria Schumm-Draeger) declares that she has no competing interests. PS (Peter Schwarz) declares that he has no competing interests. JS (Jan Škrha) declares that he has no competing interests. FS (Frank Snoek) has received research support from Sanofi, consulting fees from Abbott, LifeScan, Roche, and Sanofi, and has served on a speaker’s bureau for Abbott and Sanofi. FT (Frank Tacke) declares that work in his lab has been supported by research grants from AstraZeneca, Gilead, and MSD. BT (Bruce Taylor) is employee of Dexcom. BTJ (Britta Tendal Jeppesen) declares that she has no competing interests. ST (Solomon Tesfaye) reports honoraria for educational meetings from Astellas Pharma, AstraZeneca, Berlin-Chemie, Eva Pharma, Grünenthal, Hikma, Merck, Nevro, Novo Nordisk, P&G Health, Viatris, and Wörwag Pharma; consulting fees from Angelini, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Grünenthal, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma, Merz, NeuroPN, Nevro, Viatris and Wörwag Pharma; unrestricted research grants from Proctor and Gamble, Viatris and Withings. PT (Pinar Topsever) has received honoraria or consulting fees from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly and Company, and LifeScan, and has served on the speaker’s bureau for AstraZeneca. PT received grant/research support from PCDE, made possible by corporate sponsorship from AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly, Novo Nordisk, and Roche Diagnostics; the sponsors had no input into the study protocols. TV (Tina Vilsbøll) has served on scientific advisory panels, been part of speaker’s bureaus, and served as a consultant to and/or received research support from Amgen, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly and Company, Gilead, GSK, Mundipharma, MSD/Merck, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi, and Sun Pharmaceuticals. XY (Xuefeng Yu) declares that he has no competing interests. ES (Eberhard Standl) declares that he has no competing interests.