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Article History

Received: 2 May 2024

Accepted: 27 June 2024

First Online: 28 August 2024

Declarations

:

: The study design and protocol were reviewed and approved by the St. Michael’s Hospital Research Ethics Board, and all participants provided informed consent.

: Not applicable.

: Marina Pourafkari, None. Kim A. Connelly, Dr Connelly is listed as an inventor on a patent application by Boehringer Ingelheim on the use of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors in heart failure; and reports receiving research grants to his institution from AstraZeneca, Servier and Boehringer Ingelheim; support for travel to scientific meetings from Boehringer Ingelheim and honoraria for speaking engagements and ad hoc participation in advisory boards from Servier, Merck, Eli Lilly, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Ferring, Novo Nordisk, Novartis and Janssen. Subodh Verma, Dr Verma holds a Tier 1 Canada Research Chair in Cardiovascular Surgery and reports receiving research grants and/or speaking honoraria from Amarin, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Canadian Medical and Surgical Knowledge Translation Research Group, Eli Lilly, HLS Therapeutics, Janssen, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Pfizer, PhaseBio, Sanofi, and S&L Solutions; he is the President of the Canadian Medical and Surgical Knowledge Translation Research Group, a federally incorporated not-for-profit physician organization. C. David Mazer, Dr Mazer is supported by a Merit Award from the University of Toronto Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, holds the Cara Phelan Chair in Critical Care at St. Michael’s Hospital-Unity Health Toronto, and reports advisory board honoraria/consulting fees from Amgen, AstraZeneca, BioAge, Boehringer Ingelheim, and PhaseBio and DSMB stipends from Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Cerus, and Takeda. Hwee Teoh, Dr. Teoh reports personal fees from the Canadian Medical and Surgical Knowledge Translation Research Group. Adrian Quan, None. Shaun G. Goodman, Research grant support (e.g., steering committee or data and safety monitoring committee) and/or speaker/consulting honoraria (e.g., advisory boards) from: Amgen, Anthos Therapeutics, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, CSL Behring, CYTE Ltd., Daiichi-Sankyo/American Regent, Eli Lilly, Esperion, Ferring Pharmaceuticals, HLS Therapeutics, Idorsia, JAMP Pharma, Merck, Novartis, Novo Nordisk A/C, Pendopharm/Pharmascience, Pfizer, Regeneron, Sanofi, Servier, Tolmar Pharmaceuticals, Valeo Pharma; and salary support/honoraria from the Canadian Heart Failure Society, Canadian Heart Research Centre and MD Primer, Canadian VIGOUR Centre, Cleveland Clinic Coordinating Centre for Clinical Research, Duke Clinical Research Institute, Jewish General Hospital\ CIUSSS Centre-Ouest-de-l’Ile-de-Montreal, New York University Clinical Coordinating Centre, PERFUSE Research Institute, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre Clinical Trials and Translation Unit, TIMI Study Group (Brigham Health). Archana Rai, None. Ming Yen Ng. Dr Ng reports receiving educational grants from Bayer, GE Healthcare, Circle Cardiovascular Imaging, and TeraRecon. Received speakers fees from Boerhinger Ingelheim, Bayer, GE Healthcare and Circle Cardiovascular Imaging. Djeven P. Deva, None. Piero Triverio, None. Laura Jiminez Juan, None. Andrew T. Yan, None. Yin Ge, None.