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Authors
Mo, Degang
Zhang, Peng
Zhang, Miao
Dai, Hongyan
Wang, Guoan
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation (ZR2024MH214)
Qingdao Science & Technology for Public Well-being Project (25-1-5-smjk-8-nsh)
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Article History
Received: 30 March 2025
Accepted: 5 May 2025
First Online: 21 May 2025
Declarations
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: The CHARLS study was performed in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Peking University (IRB00001052-11015). All participants provided written informed consent before participating in the CHARLS study.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
