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Article History

Received: 17 September 2024

Accepted: 14 July 2025

First Online: 23 September 2025

Declarations

:

: The study complied with relevant European and German data protection regulations. All patient-level data in the database were anonymized. No direct contact with patients or primary collection of individual human patient data occurred and, thus, no informed consent was required.

: DD has received speaker’s honoraria from Bayer Healthcare, AOP Health, AstraZeneca, Pfizer, Daiichi Sankyo, Boston Scientific and consulting fees from Daiichi Sankyo, Boston Scientific, CSL Behring, and Janssen. ML received grants and personal fees from Boehringer Ingelheim, MSD, Novo Nordisk and personal fees from Amgen, Sanofi, Astra Zeneca, Bayer, Lilly, Daiichi Sankyo, Novartis, Amarin, Abiomed, BMS, and Pfizer. MGr received speaker’s honoraria and honoraria for advisory boards from Boehringer Ingelheim, Bayer vital, Pfizer, AstraZeneca, Novo Nordisc, iRhythm, Alexion and streamed-up. SM received grants from Fractly and Almased, speaker’s honoraria from Astra Zeneca, Lilly, Boehringer Ingelheim, StreamedUp, MedUpdate, Bayer, and Marpinion, and consultant fees from AXA Versicherung, Generali Versicherung, Fractly, Almased, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bionorica, and gbo Gerätebau. MS is an employee of Berlin Center for Epidemiology and Health Research (ZEG) at the time of the study, which was contracted by Boehringer Ingelheim to conduct this study. NK and LR are employees of Scientific Institute for Health Economics and Health System Research (WIG2) at the time of the study, which was contracted by Boehringer Ingelheim to conduct this study. MGa and SOT are employees of Boehringer Ingelheim.