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Authors
Zhao, Yi-Chang
Wu, Shi-Qi
Li, Jia-Kai
Sun, Zhi-Hua
Zhang, Bi-Kui
Fu, Rao
Yan, Miao
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Teaching Reform Program for Graduate Education at Central South University (2023JGB039)
the Hunan Provincial Degree and Graduate Education Reform Project (2023JGYB041)
the Hunan Provincial Health High-Level Talent Scientific Research Project (R2023061)
Additional funding was provided by the Research Project established by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association Hospital Pharmacy Department (CPA-Z05-ZC-2024002)
the Postgraduate Innovative Project of Central South University (2024XQLH030)
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Article History
Received: 6 June 2025
Accepted: 22 July 2025
First Online: 4 August 2025
Declarations
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: The China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study was approved by the Ethics Review Committee of Peking University. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were approved by the National Center for Health Statistics ethics review board. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants. Informed consent was obtained from each subject in these two cohorts.
: This manuscript is not currently under consideration for publication elsewhere, and the work reported will not be submitted for publication elsewhere until a final decision has been made as to its acceptability by the journal.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
