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Authors
Li, Tengli
Yi, Zhiheng
Huang, Yangshen
Tan, Yuhan
Gao, Shan
Wang, Tingting https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3648-4284
Guo, Shaowei https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3662-0290
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Postdoctoral Research Initiation Grant (202205230031-3)
Guangdong Basic and Applied Research Foundation (2022A1515110139)
Guangdong Basic and Applied Research Foundation (2021A1515110873)
SUMC Scientific Research Initiation Grant (009-510858038)
First Affiliated Hospital of SUMC Scientific Research Initiation Grant (20210930038)
Guangdong Provincial Natural Science Foundation (2024A1515013012)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82201511)
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Article History
Received: 7 July 2025
Accepted: 11 August 2025
First Online: 18 August 2025
Declarations
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: This study utilized a publicly available, de-identified database (MIMIC-IV) that had received pre-existing institutional review board (IRB) approval. The IRB at the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (protocol 2001-P-001699/14) and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (protocol 0403000206) approved the data collection and research use of this database, and granted waiver of informed consent. All procedures and analyses complied with applicable ethical guidelines and regulations.
: No applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
