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Authors
Lei, Mingxing
Liu, Xiao
Cheng, Longcan
Li, Yan
Tang, Nan
Song, Jie
Song, Mi
Su, Qingqing
Liu, Mingxuan
Fu, Shihui
Sun, Baisheng
Gao, Yuan
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Article History
Received: 8 July 2025
Accepted: 19 August 2025
First Online: 30 September 2025
Declarations
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: The Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV database project received approval from the Institutional Review Boards of both the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center. Patient information was anonymized, thereby obviating the need for informed consent from individual patients for this study. This study of external validation was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Chinese PLA General Hospital. To comply with ethical standards, all personally identifiable information was anonymized prior to analysis.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
