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Article History

Received: 20 June 2025

Accepted: 25 August 2025

First Online: 30 September 2025

Declarations

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: Competing interests (none for authors if nothing is stated): CTP received study grants in the past 36 months from Bayer and Novo Nordisk. ML received payment to own company for education of diabetes by Boehringer Ingelheim, Novo Nordisk and Eli Lilly. UBP received lecture fees and personal payments by Abott, Novo Nordisk and Sanofi with the addition of EASD meeting support from the latter two. JKM is a member of advisory boards of Abbott Diabetes Care, Becton-Dickinson, Biomea Fusion, Dexcom, Eli Lilly, Embecta, Medtronic, myLife, Novo Nordisk A/S, Pharmasens, Roche Diabetes Care, Sanofi-Aventis, Tandem, Viatris and received speaker honoraria from A. Menarini Diagnostics, Abbott Diabetes Care, Dexcom, Eli Lilly, Medtrust, MSD, Novo Nordisk A/S, Roche Diabetes Care, Sanofi, Viatris and Ypsomed. She is a shareholder of decide Clinical Software GmbH and elyte Diagnostics and serves as CMO of elyte Diagnostics. KK has recieved consulting frees and payment as speaker from Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bristol Myers Squibb, Boehringer Ingelheim, Lilly, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi, Servier, Pfizer, Roche, Daiichi-Sankyo, Embecta and Nestle Health Science. With the addition of grants from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Lilly, MSD, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi, Servier, Oramed Pharmaceuticals, Roche, Daiichi-Sankyo, Applied Therapeutics. JV receives support/grants from ‘The north west london NIHR applied research collaboration including other NIHR grants, EU Horizon / UKRI grant and CW+ the official charity of Chelsea Westminster hospital NHS foundation trust. Additionally, JV was International Advisor for the Ministry of Public Health in Qatar’s “Diabetes, Obesity and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Strategy 2024 to 2030”, for a 3-month period in 2024.PC has received personal fees from Medtronic, Insulet, Dexcom, Abbott, Vertex, Lilly, Novo Nordisk and Sanofi. He has received research support from Abbott, Dexcom, Medtronic, Sanofi and Novo Nordisk.