Yang, Yibo
Liu, Aihua
Funding for this research was provided by:
Natural Science Foundation of China (81771233)
Ningxia Key Scientific and Technological Achievement Transformation Project (2024CJE09005)
Ningxia Natural Science Foundation Key Project (2024AAC02066)
Article History
Received: 13 August 2025
Accepted: 13 September 2025
First Online: 6 October 2025
Declarations
:
: CHARLS was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Peking University (approval number: IRB00001052-11015 for the household survey and IRB00001052-11014 for blood samples), and all participants provided written informed consent.
: The authors declare no competing interests.