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Article History

Received: 2 August 2025

Accepted: 26 September 2025

First Online: 7 November 2025

Declarations

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: MS reports travel support from Novo Nordisk and AstraZeneca through Hadassah Medical Center, and lecturing fees from AstraZeneca (2022). AF and DRSS report no conflict of interest. OM reports Advisory Board membership for Novo Nordisk, Eli Lilly, Sanofi, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Boehringer Ingelheim, AstraZeneca and BOL Pharma, research grant support through Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital from Novo Nordisk and AstraZeneca, and Speaker's Bureau participation for AstraZeneca, Novo Nordisk, Eli Lilly, Sanofi, Merck Sharp & Dohme, and Boehringer Ingelheim. From May 1st, 2023, OM has been an employee of Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc. This work was not funded by Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; it was not part of OM’s job responsibilities; and the company had no role in conception, data acquisition, analysis, interpretation, or manuscript preparation. TCY reports receiving research support from Medtronic, Regeneron, Novo Nordisk, and Merck Sharp & Dohme. Honorarium for lecture/advisory board from Medtronic, Sanofi, Novo Nordisk, Boehringer Ingelheim, AstraZeneca, and Amgen. GL reports participation in previous Advisory Boards: Novo Nordisk, Eli Lilly, Sanofi, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Boehringer Ingelheim, AstraZeneca and Medtronic. He reports travel support from Novo Nordisk, Boehringer Ingelheim and AstraZeneca through Hadassah Medical Center. Speaker's Bureau: AstraZeneca, Novo Nordisk, Eli Lilly, Boehringer Ingelheim. GAH reported previous Advisory Board: Sanofi and Eli Lilly. She is a current PI in several RCTs conducted by Novo Nordisk, Eli Lilly, Sanofi, AstraZeneca and Bayer including the CONFIDENCE study, through Hadassah Medical Center. GAH reports travel support from Novo Nordisk and Medetronic through Hadassah Medical Center and AstraZeneca through Sheba medical center. Speaker's Bureau: AstraZeneca, Novo Nordisk, Eli Lilly and Sanofi.