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Authors
Gaillard, Emilie L.
Cramer, Sophie H. M.
Hanssen, Nordin M. J.
Bom, Michiel J.
Chamuleau, Steven A. J.
Planken, R. Nils
Choi, Andrew D.
Boekholdt, S. Matthijs
Stroes, Erik S. G.
Knaapen, Paul
Nurmohamed, Nick S.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Dutch Heart Foundation (03-007-2023-0068)
European Atherosclerosis Society
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Article History
Received: 22 July 2025
Accepted: 9 October 2025
First Online: 5 November 2025
Declarations
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: This study was conducted according to the Declaration of Helsinki. The study protocol was approved by the medical ethics committee of the Amsterdam University Medical Center and all patients provided written informed consent before enrolment.
: Not applicable.
: N.M.J.H. has received honoraria from Novo Nordisk and Boehringer Ingelheim. A.D.C. reports grant support from GW Heart and Vascular Institute, equity in Cleerly and consulting with Siemens Healthineers, Amgen and Cleerly. E.S.G.S. has received fees paid to his institution from Amgen, Ionis, Novo Nordisk, Merck, Novartis and Ultragenyx. P.K. has received research grants from Cleerly and HeartFlow. N.S.N. reports research funding/speaker fees from Cleerly, Daiichi Sankyo, Novartis and Ultragenyx, and is co-founder of Lipid Tools. All other authors declare no potential conflicts of interest relevant to this article.
