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Authors
La Grotta, Rosalba
Pellegrini, Valeria
Carreras, Francesca
Berra, Cesare Celeste
Mužina, Karolina
Jenko Bizjan, Barbara
Dovc, Klemen
Prattichizzo, Francesco
Battelino, Tadej
Ceriello, Antonio
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Ministero della Salute (SG-2021-12372752)
Ministero della Salute (Ricerca Corrente to IRCCS MultiMedica)
Slovenian National Research Agency (J3-4528)
Slovenian National Research Agency (P3-0343)
The Slovenian Research and Innovation Agency (J3-4521)
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Article History
Received: 24 August 2025
Accepted: 13 October 2025
First Online: 14 November 2025
Declarations
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: Written informed consent was obtained from each participant using the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Slovenian Ethical Committee (nr. 0120–6/2023/3).
: Not applicable.
: T.B. served on advisory boards of Novo Nordisk, Sanofi, Eli Lilly, Boehringer Ingelheim, Medtronic, Abbott, and Indigo Diabetes. T.B. received honoraria for participating on the speakers’ bureau for Eli Lilly, Novo Nordisk, Medtronic, Abbott, Sanofi, Dexcom, Adventis, AstraZeneca, and Roche. T.B.’s institution has received research grant support and travel expenses from Abbott, GluSense, Medtronic, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi, Novartis, Sandoz, and Zealand Pharma. K.D. served on advisory boards for Medtronic and Novo Nordisk and speaker fees from Abbott, Dexcom, Eli Lilly, Novo Nordisk, Medtronic, and Pfizer. A.C. reports on being on Advisory Board, Consultancy, and Lectures: Abbott, Astra Zeneca, Bayer, Berlin Chemie, Boehringer Ingelheim, Hikamr Pharma, Guidotti, Eli Lilly, MSD, Merck, Novo, Roche Diagnostics, Sanofi, Servier, and SUN Pharma. No other potential conflicts of interest relevant to this article were reported.
