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Authors
Rossing, Peter https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1531-4294
Lindhardt, Morten https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6063-1718
Tikkanen, Christian Klyver https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4474-6237
Menon, Jyothi
Cattin, Juliette https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2528-4359
Hunt, Barnaby https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5420-279X
Malkin, Samuel J. P. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1306-7784
Chubb, Barrie https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7271-051X
Damgaard, Tina https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8595-6187
Borg, Rikke https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2283-3578
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Novo Nordisk
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Article History
Received: 29 August 2025
Accepted: 28 October 2025
First Online: 20 December 2025
Declarations
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: This article is based on previously conducted studies and does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.
: No individual patient data is included in the manuscript.
: PR has served as consultant on advisory boards for Astra Zeneca, Abbott, Bayer, Novartis, Boehringer Ingelheim, Gilead and Sanofi (honoraria to his institution); has received unrestricted grants (to his institution) from Astra Zeneca, Bayer, and Novo Nordisk; and grants from Bayer, Novo Nordisk and Lexicon pharmaceuticals (study medication to investigator initiated study). ML has received speaker and consultancy fees from AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Novo Nordisk and GlaxoSmithKline. RB reports honoraria for education and consultancy from Astra Zeneca, Bayer, Novo Nordisk and Boehringer Ingelheim. She is an investigator in clinical studies sponsored by Boehringer Ingelheim, AstraZeneca or Bayer; and has received unrestricted research grants from Boehringer Ingelheim. JM and BC are employees of Novo Nordisk A/S. CKT and TD are employees of Novo Nordisk Denmark A/S. JC, BH and SJPM are employees of Ossian Health Economics and Communications. Ossian received consulting fees from Novo Nordisk A/S to support the preparation of the analysis.
