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Authors
Hu, Yuanjia
Li, Wenlong
Nie, Jingyuan
Zhang, Changhong
Zhou, Jing
Hu, Zuhai
Zhou, Hanwen
Lei, Xun
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 72174033)
Natural Science Foundation General Project of Chongqing Science and Technology Bureau (Grant No. CSTB2025NSCQ-GPX0365)
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Article History
Received: 12 September 2025
Accepted: 4 November 2025
First Online: 21 November 2025
Declarations
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: This research was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. All participants provided written informed consent prior to enrollment. The UK Biobank study received ethical approval from the North West Multi-Centre Research Ethics Committee (reference: 21/NW/0157; ). No further ethical approval was required for this analysis.
: Not required.
: Patients and/or the public were not involved in the design, conduct, reporting, or dissemination of this research.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
