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Authors
Adeshara, Krishna
Lithovius, Raija
Mutter, Stefan
Harjutsalo, Valma
Lehto, Markku
Groop, Per-Henrik
Sandholm, Niina
,
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
University of Helsinki
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Article History
Received: 4 August 2025
Accepted: 8 November 2025
First Online: 12 December 2025
Declarations
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: The study protocol is in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Ethics Committee of the Helsinki and Uusimaa Hospital District (HUS) (491/E5/2006, 238/13/03/00/2015, and HUS-3313–2018, July 3rd 2019). All participants gave their informed written consent.
: Not applicable.
: Not applicable. This study has not been registered as a clinical trial.
: P–H.G. has received investigator-initiated research grants from Eli Lilly and Roche, lecture fees from Astellas, Astra Zeneca, Bayer, Berlin Chemie, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, Elo Water, Genzyme, Medscape, Menarini, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Mundipharma, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, PeerVoice, Sanofi and Sciarc. He is an advisory board member for AbbVie, Astellas, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Cebix, Eli Lilly, Janssen, Medscape, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Mundipharma, Nestlé, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, and Sanofi. S.M. received lecture honoraria from Encore Medical Education. All other authors declared that they had no conflict of interest.
