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Authors
Pezzica, Samantha https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1285-4946
Pratesi, Filippo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5441-1257
Sabatini, Silvia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3251-4412
Carli, Fabrizia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2540-1110
Mengozzi, Alessandro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2834-9725
Solini, Anna https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7855-8253
Gastaldelli, Amalia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2594-1651
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Ministero dell’Istruzione, dell’Università e della Ricerca (PRIN 2017: 20178YTNWC)
Ministero dell’Istruzione, dell’Università e della Ricerca (PRIN 2017: 20175L9H7H)
Horizon 2020 Framework Programme (Project PAS GRAS, grant# 101080329)
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Article History
Received: 13 September 2025
Accepted: 10 November 2025
First Online: 30 December 2025
Declarations
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: The study protocol conformed to the ethical guidelines of the 1975 Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Ethics Committee of the University of Pisa and registered in the Registry of the Italian Drug Agency (Agenzia Italiana del Farmaco no. 772/2015. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants.
: Not applicable.
: AG reports consultancy/advisory boards fee for Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly and Company, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Novo Nordisk, Pfizer, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals; received lecture fees from Boehringer Ingelheim, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Madrigal, Novo Nordisk, Eli Lilly and Company; educational grants from Eli Lilly and Company, Boehringer Ingelheim, Echosens, Mercodia, Madrigal. AS reports advisory boards fee/lecture fees for Astra Zeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Lilly, Novo, Sankyo, Sanofi. The other authors report no conflicts of interests related to this manuscript.
