Cliff, Chelsy L.
Shah, Muhammad U.
Ward, Joanna K.
Inghels, Maxime
Lee, Kelvin.
Squires, Paul E.
Hills, Claire E.
Funding for this research was provided by:
European Foundation for the Study of Diabetes
University of Lincoln
Article History
Received: 20 October 2025
Accepted: 10 December 2025
First Online: 12 February 2026
Declarations
:
: The protocol and subsequent amendments were approved by the East of Scotland Research Ethics Service Research Ethics Committee (22/ES/0047), and the Health Research Authority (integrated research application system (IRAS:319343). This study was adopted by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Clinical Research Network (CRN) central portfolio management system (CPMS:54499). Participants were given prior written information with regards to the study. All participants provided written informed consent prior to enrolment and randomisation.
: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.