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Authors
Zhou, Yiran
Rautio, Elina
Näsman, Per
Gudbjörnsdottir, Soffia
Gadler, Fredrik
Rydén, Lars
Wodaje, Tigist
Mellbin, Linda G.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Karolinska Institute
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Article History
Received: 27 October 2025
Accepted: 11 December 2025
First Online: 31 December 2025
Declarations
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: All patients provided oral or written informed consent before inclusion in the Swedish NDR. For this retrospective registry-based study, all analyses are carried out using pseudonymized individual codes assigned to each subject. The study, which was conducted in agreement with the Declaration of Helsinki, was approved by the Central Ethical Review Board in Gothenburg, Sweden (DNR:2021–00440).
: Not applicable.
: L.G.M declares consulting and speaker fees to her employer Karolinska University Hospital for participation in advisory board, lectures and clinical trials supported and funded by Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bayer AG, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, and Sanofi, and research grants from Swedish Heart-Lung Foundation, Region Stockholm (ALF), Amgen and Bayer AG. All other authors report no potential conflicts of interest relevant to this article.
