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Authors
Zhang, Jijuan
Yu, Hancheng
Song, Xingyue
Li, Xianli
Xie, Jinchi
Wang, Yuxiang
Li, Yue
Xu, Kun
Liu, Gang
Liao, Yunfei
Ruan, Xiong-Zhong
Pan, An https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1089-7945
Geng, Tingting https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6220-3968
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (32030054)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82325043)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82574189)
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Article History
Received: 8 September 2025
Accepted: 14 December 2025
First Online: 20 January 2026
Declarations
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: The UK Biobank was approved by the North West Multi-centre Research Ethics Committee (REC reference numbers 11/NW/0382, 16/NW/0274, and 21/NW/0157), and all participants provided written informed consent.
: All authors approved the publication of the current manuscript.
: T-TG is an editor of the Cardiovascular Diabetology and played no role in the journal’s evaluation of the manuscript. The other authors declare no competing interests.
