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Authors
Huo, Guijun
Chen, Yan
Tang, Yao
Zhou, Dayong
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Article History
Received: 12 October 2025
Accepted: 17 December 2025
First Online: 31 December 2025
Declarations
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: CHARLS was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Peking University (approval number: IRB00001052-11015 for the household survey and IRB00001052-11014 for blood samples), and all participants provided written informed consent.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
