Yin, Xueshi
Han, Shuaixian
Zheng, Zhiming
Tang, Long
Liu, Jianping
Zhang, Yongheng
Article History
Received: 28 September 2025
Accepted: 26 December 2025
First Online: 24 March 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The MIMIC-IV database is a publicly available, de-identified dataset. Individual patient consent was not required because all data were anonymized. Access to the database for research purposes was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center.