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Authors
Zhu, Huangxin
Liu, Lihua
Yang, Sicheng
Fu, Yunfeng
Pan, Yating
Fu, Qingan
Du, Fan
Zhou, Xiaodong
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (81760524, 82260599)
Double Thousand Talents Plan of Jiangxi (jxsq20232010310)
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Article History
Received: 19 November 2025
Accepted: 5 January 2026
First Online: 17 January 2026
Declarations
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: The research design and implementation of NHANES follow the ethical principles outlined in the Helsinki Declaration. This study utilized data from the NHANES project that were publicly available and approved by the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) Ethics Review Board (ERB). NHANES requires informed consent from participants and ensures their privacy and information security. The HRS is approved by the institutional review board (IRB) of the University of Michigan, and all participants provided written informed consent. All of the data used in this study are deidentified, and most of the data are publicly available.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
