Zhang, Yuting
Zhu, Yuan
He, Yuqing
Yan, Yane
Zhao, Qing
Du, Yanling
Article History
Received: 15 November 2025
Accepted: 5 January 2026
First Online: 20 January 2026
Declarations
:
: The CHARLS study received approval from the Institutional Review Board of Peking University (IRB00001052-11015) and was performed in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. All participants provided written informed consent prior to their involvement in the CHARLS study. This research adhered to the STROBE guidelines for reporting observational studies in epidemiology.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.