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Authors
Gu, Mengyao
Hu, Haofei
Gu, Dayong
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFC2302700)
National Health Commission Hospital Management Research Institute Project (JCWJ2024ZD01, JYHRXZ2025B49)
Clinical Research Special Project of the Medical and Health Technology Development Research Center of the National Health Commission (WKZX2024DN0181)
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Article History
Received: 12 November 2025
Accepted: 17 January 2026
First Online: 24 April 2026
Declarations
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: This study has been conducted in accordance with ethical guidelines and the Helsinki Declaration, under the approval of the Biomedical Ethics Review Committee at Peking University (IRB00001052–11015). Moreover, prior to participation, written informed consent was obtained from all individuals involved in the study.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
