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Authors
Liao, Caifeng
Liu, Lin
Bao, Wanwan
Lai, Hurong
Tian, Ruixue
Zhang, Shan
He, Ling
Li, Jian https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0468-1694
Tu, Huaijun https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4362-1841
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82360054)
the Disciplinary Construction Fund of the Department of Geriatrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University (QS2024019(2025))
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Article History
Received: 1 January 2026
Accepted: 23 February 2026
First Online: 23 March 2026
Declarations
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: The CHARLS study was performed in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Peking University (approval number: IRB00001052-11015). All participants provided written informed consent before participating in the CHARLS study.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
