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Authors
Zhang, Yan
Wang, Jing
Song, Kexin
Yao, Zhuhua
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Project of Tianjin Union Medical Center (2025YJ018)
Tianjin Science and Technology Program (23JCYBJC01880)
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Article History
Received: 4 January 2026
Accepted: 25 February 2026
First Online: 21 March 2026
Declarations
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: The present analysis employed de-identified, publicly available CHARLS data, which had received prior ethical approval from the Biomedical Ethics Review Committee of Peking University (IRB00001052–11015).
: All authors have consent for publication.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
