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Authors
Jin, Xiandu
Feng, Yurong
Liu, Chang
Cheng, Tianwei
Jin, Yanye
Shao, Zibin
Bian, Yongyu
Wu, Hao
Li, Jiao
Liu, Yue
Wei, Liping
Qi, Zhi
Qi, Xin
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Tianjin Science and Technology Project (No.23JCYBJC01470)
National International Science and Technology Cooperation Project of China (No. S2011ZR02601)
Tianjin Science and Technology Planning Project (No.16ZXMJSY00060)
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Article History
Received: 19 January 2026
Accepted: 9 March 2026
First Online: 28 March 2026
Declarations
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: This research is based on data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), which received approval from the Institutional Review Board of the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). All participants enrolled in the survey provided written informed permission prior to data collection. The investigation strictly followed the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki throughout all procedures.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
